Alexander Zaglmaier is an actor, known for SOKO Kitzbühel (2001), Keep on Dancing (2020) and Österreich wählt (2011). [144] Arrian also mentioned this as an alternative, but Plutarch specifically denied this claim. Anuncios relacionados con: Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg wikipedia. [265] In addition, Pliny the Elder writes about this unsuccessful plan adding that the distance was 12 kilometres (7 1⁄2 mi), and the purpose was to cut a canal through the isthmus, so as to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays. Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt , suti (* Berlin, 1769 mara 14 uru Llamp'u phaxsin yuritayna - † Berlin, 1859 mara 6 uru Llamayu phaxsin yuriwi) Alimaña jacha marka Yatxatawiri. [143] In the second account, Diodorus recounts that Alexander was struck with pain after downing a large bowl of unmixed wine in honour of Heracles, followed by 11 days of weakness; he did not develop a fever and died after some agony. However, Alexander met with resistance at Gaza. [203] This was no doubt in part due to Aristotle's tutelage; Alexander was intelligent and quick to learn. [40] Accordingly, Alexander returned to Macedon after six months due to the efforts of a family friend, Demaratus, who mediated between the two parties. Omphis (Indian name Ambhi), the ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended from the Indus to the Hydaspes (Jhelum), complied, but the chieftains of some hill clans, including the Aspasioi and Assakenoi sections of the Kambojas (known in Indian texts also as Ashvayanas and Ashvakayanas), refused to submit. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the east, Hellenistic influence on Indian art was far-ranging. At Termessos, Alexander humbled but did not storm the Pisidian city. [113] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC).[16]. [249], The core of the Hellenistic culture promulgated by the conquests was essentially Athenian. After the assassination of Perdiccas in 321 BC, Macedonian unity collapsed, and 40 years of war between "The Successors" (Diadochi) ensued before the Hellenistic world settled into four stable power blocs: Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Mesopotamia and Central Asia, Attalid Anatolia, and Antigonid Macedon. Zabine und Alexander Zaglmaier (2016) Leben. Instead, they supported Alexander's half-brother Philip Arrhidaeus. [188] Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army. Philip then returned to Elatea, sending a final offer of peace to Athens and Thebes, who both rejected it. [251] Furthermore, town planning, education, local government, and art current in the Hellenistic period were all based on Classical Greek ideals, evolving into distinct new forms commonly grouped as Hellenistic. [101], Alexander viewed Bessus as a usurper and set out to defeat him. This led Hegesias of Magnesia to say that it had burnt down because Artemis was away, attending the birth of Alexander. It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. His mother had huge ambitions, and encouraged him to believe it was his destiny to conquer the Persian Empire. In popular culture, the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden included a song titled "Alexander the Great" on their 1986 album Somewhere in Time. [283] In medieval Europe, Alexander the Great was revered as a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes whose lives were believed to encapsulate all the ideal qualities of chivalry. [242][243] An inscription from the temple, now housed in the British Museum, declares: "King Alexander dedicated [this temple] to Athena Polias. [132][133] As a gesture of thanks, he paid off the debts of his soldiers, and announced that he would send over-aged and disabled veterans back to Macedon, led by Craterus. Alexander Graham Bell (n. 3 martie 1847, Edinburgh, Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei – d. 2 august 1922, Beinn Bhreagh[*] , Canada) a fost un om de știință, inventator și inginer american de origine scoțiană, care în anul 1876 a brevetat pentru prima dată în istorie un dispozitiv capabil să emită și să recepționeze cuvintele rostite, telefonul. [62][64], After his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Philip II began the work of establishing himself as hēgemṓn (Greek: ἡγεμών) of a league which according to Diodorus was to wage a campaign against the Persians for the sundry grievances Greece suffered in 480 and free the Greek cities of the western coast and islands from Achaemenid rule. Whereas he was of a fair colour, as they say, and his fairness passed into ruddiness on his breast particularly, and in his face. [261] The emperor Trajan also admired Alexander, as did Nero and Caracalla. Alexander Rybak a Fairytale című dallal megnyerte a norvég nemzeti döntőt a Melodi Grand Prix-t, így ő képviselhette Norvégiát a 2009-es Eurovíziós Dalfesztiválon Moszkvában.A dal zenéjét és szövegét is saját maga szerezte. Miletus, held by Achaemenid forces, required a delicate siege operation, with Persian naval forces nearby. [157] Another recent analysis suggested pyogenic (infectious) spondylitis or meningitis. Alexander was the first to break the Theban lines, followed by Philip's generals. [77], When Alexander destroyed Tyre, most of the towns on the route to Egypt quickly capitulated. [169][170] However, more recently, it has been suggested that it may date from earlier than Abdalonymus' death. [241] The temple was designed by Pytheos, one of the architects of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. As in Tyre, men of military age were put to the sword and the women and children were sold into slavery. [204] Nevertheless, Plutarch described how Alexander was infatuated by Roxana while complimenting him on not forcing himself on her. Many of these students would become his friends and future generals, and are often known as the 'Companions'. Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών, Aléxandros III ho Makedȏn; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: ὁ Μέγας, ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon[a] and a member of the Argead dynasty. Historiography and scholarship agree that Alexander the Great was Greek. Athens sued for peace and Alexander pardoned the rebels. Irish playwright Aubrey Thomas de Vere wrote Alexander the Great, a Dramatic Poem. [58], While Alexander campaigned north, the Thebans and Athenians rebelled once again. Though outmanoeuvered by Darius' significantly larger army, he marched back to Cilicia, where he defeated Darius at Issus. [122] The other was Nicaea (Victory), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab. This text underwent numerous expansions and revisions throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages,[272] containing many dubious stories,[270] and was translated into numerous languages. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). Alexander then marched for three days to the Danube, encountering the Getae tribe on the opposite shore. [106][240] The first, and greatest, was Alexandria in Egypt, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities. [11], Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. None of Alexander's contemporaries, however, are known to have explicitly described Alexander's relationship with Hephaestion as sexual, though the pair was often compared to Achilles and Patroclus, whom classical Greek culture painted as a couple. Bucephalas carried Alexander as far as India. Alexander has figured in both high and popular culture beginning in his own era to the present day. The cosmopolitan art and mythology of Gandhara (a region spanning the upper confluence of the Indus, Swat and Kabul rivers in modern Pakistan) of the ~3rd century BC to the ~5th century AD are most evident of the direct contact between Hellenistic civilization and South Asia, as are the Edicts of Ashoka, which directly mention the Greeks within Ashoka's dominion as converting to Buddhism and the reception of Buddhist emissaries by Ashoka's contemporaries in the Hellenistic world. The so-called "Alexander Sarcophagus", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, is so named not because it was thought to have contained Alexander's remains, but because its bas-reliefs depict Alexander and his companions fighting the Persians and hunting. For those peculiarities which many of his successors and friends afterwards tried to imitate, namely, the poise of the neck, which was bent slightly to the left, and the melting glance of his eyes, this artist has accurately observed. Military academies throughout the world still teach his tactics. [86] He sent the bulk of his army to the Persian ceremonial capital of Persepolis via the Persian Royal Road. [273], Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures. Their works are lost, but later works based on these original sources have survived. [9] He was the son of the king of Macedon, Philip II, and his fourth wife, Olympias, the daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of Epirus. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. )", East-West Orientation of Historical Empires, "Pausanias, Description of Greece, *korinqiaka/, chapter 1, section 5", "Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. [123] Philostratus the Elder in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana writes that in the army of Porus there was an elephant who fought brave against Alexander's army and Alexander dedicated it to the Helios (Sun) and named it Ajax, because he thought that a so great animal deserved a great name. [194] Lysippos had often used the contrapposto sculptural scheme to portray Alexander and other characters such as Apoxyomenos, Hermes and Eros. He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered. [268][269], Legendary accounts surround the life of Alexander the Great, many deriving from his own lifetime, probably encouraged by Alexander himself. At the time of his death, Alexander's empire covered some 5,200,000 km2 (2,000,000 sq mi),[237] and was the largest state of its time. [6][c] He is often ranked among the most influential people in history. [57], News then reached Alexander that Cleitus, King of Illyria, and King Glaukias of the Taulantii were in open revolt against his authority. [51], Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognized as the leader of the Amphictyonic League before heading south to Corinth. The death of the son necessitated the death of the father, and thus Parmenion, who had been charged with guarding the treasury at Ecbatana, was assassinated at Alexander's command, to prevent attempts at vengeance. Macedon is too small for you", and bought the horse for him. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated near Magnesia by the Achaemenids under the command of the mercenary Memnon of Rhodes. Under Aristotle's tutelage, Alexander developed a passion for the works of Homer, and in particular the Iliad; Aristotle gave him an annotated copy, which Alexander later carried on his campaigns. By the time of his death, he had conquered the entire. [110] There was also considerable friction between Antipater and Olympias, and each complained to Alexander about the other. [188], When faced with opponents who used unfamiliar fighting techniques, such as in Central Asia and India, Alexander adapted his forces to his opponents' style. [175] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "tôi kratistôi"—"to the strongest". Tarsos mint. Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund,[115] supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. [238] That this export took place is undoubted, and can be seen in the great Hellenistic cities of, for instance, Alexandria, Antioch[247] and Seleucia (south of modern Baghdad). [20], During his youth, Alexander was also acquainted with Persian exiles at the Macedonian court, who received the protection of Philip II for several years as they opposed Artaxerxes III. Mag. [181] Craterus started to carry out Alexander's commands, but the successors chose not to further implement them, on the grounds they were impractical and extravagant. [7], Alexander was born in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedon,[8] on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to 20 July 356 BC, although the exact date is uncertain. Both Athens and Philip sent embassies to win Thebes' favour, but Athens won the contest. According to the ancient sources, the two sides fought bitterly for some time. He also received news of a Thracian uprising. Some of the most pronounced effects of Hellenization can be seen in Afghanistan and India, in the region of the relatively late-rising Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (250–125 BC) (in modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan) and the Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC – 10 AD) in modern Afghanistan and India. This culminated in his aspiration to homogenize the populations of Asia and Europe. [175] However, the power vacuum he left in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent directly gave rise to one of the most powerful Indian dynasties in history, the Maurya Empire. [17] Alexander named it Bucephalas, meaning "ox-head". [128], Alexander sent much of his army to Carmania (modern southern Iran) with general Craterus, and commissioned a fleet to explore the Persian Gulf shore under his admiral Nearchus, while he led the rest back to Persia through the more difficult southern route along the Gedrosian Desert and Makran. Alexander ek 2004 mein bana English film hain. ", "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine? [136] Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture in the east resulted in a new Hellenistic civilization, aspects of which were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century AD and the presence of Greek speakers in central and far eastern Anatolia until the Greek genocide and the population exchange in the 1920s. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops, dying in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. When the animal died (because of old age, according to Plutarch, at age thirty), Alexander named a city after him, Bucephala. [201] He had great self-restraint in "pleasures of the body", in contrast with his lack of self-control with alcohol. Fearing the prospect of facing other large armies and exhausted by years of campaigning, Alexander's army mutinied at the Hyphasis River (Beas), refusing to march farther east. Starting from Amphipolis, he travelled east into the country of the "Independent Thracians"; and at Mount Haemus, the Macedonian army attacked and defeated the Thracian forces manning the heights. His neck was in some way twisted, so that he appeared to be gazing upward at an angle. When Alexander asked Diogenes what he could do for him, the philosopher disdainfully asked Alexander to stand a little to the side, as he was blocking the sunlight. The elephant had gold rings around its tusks and an inscription was on them written in Greek: "Alexander the son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the Helios" (ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ Ο ΔΙΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΑΙΑΝΤΑ ΤΩΙ ΗΛΙΩΙ). Îţi place sau deteşti acest actor? [16], When Alexander was ten years old, a trader from Thessaly brought Philip a horse, which he offered to sell for thirteen talents. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC", "Images of Authority II: The Greek Example", Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, "World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C. For they were told that the kings of the Ganderites and Praesii were awaiting them with eighty thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, eight thousand chariots, and six thousand war elephants. [33] At Corinth, Philip established a "Hellenic Alliance" (modelled on the old anti-Persian alliance of the Greco-Persian Wars), which included most Greek city-states except Sparta. Thus, in Bactria and Sogdiana, Alexander successfully used his javelin throwers and archers to prevent outflanking movements, while massing his cavalry at the center. Alexander eventually agreed and turned south, marching along the Indus. Unsuccessful plan to cut a canal through the isthmus, Naming of the Icarus island in the Persian Gulf, Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336–167 B.C. Alexander Zaglmaier is an actor, known for SOKO Kitzbühel (2001), Keep on Dancing (2020) and Österreich wählt (2011). [189] In India, confronted by Porus' elephant corps, the Macedonians opened their ranks to envelop the elephants and used their sarissas to strike upwards and dislodge the elephants' handlers.[135]. [181] Nevertheless, Perdiccas had read the notebooks containing Alexander's last plans read out to the Macedonian troops in Babylon, who voted not to carry them out.[60]. "[228] Some modern historians (e.g., Robin Lane Fox) believe not only that Alexander's youthful relationship with Hephaestion was sexual, but that their sexual contacts may have continued into adulthood, which went against the social norms of at least some Greek cities, such as Athens,[229][230] though some modern researchers have tentatively proposed that Macedonia (or at least the Macedonian court) may have been more tolerant of homosexuality between adults. Spune-ţi părerea despre Alexander Zaglmaier Pentru a scrie un review trebuie sa fii autentificat. A döntőben 747 888 szavazattal győzött, jóval maga mögé utasítva Tone Damlit, aki 121 856 szavazatot kapott Butterflies című dalával. Was it Veratrum album? According to Curtius, "Not only did Alexander slaughter the entire population of Massaga, but also did he reduce its buildings to rubble. "[53] At Corinth, Alexander took the title of Hegemon ("leader") and, like Philip, was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia. [32], After the victory at Chaeronea, Philip and Alexander marched unopposed into the Peloponnese, welcomed by all cities; however, when they reached Sparta, they were refused, but did not resort to war. [192], According to Plutarch, among Alexander's traits were a violent temper and rash, impulsive nature,[201] which undoubtedly contributed to some of his decisions. The successor states that emerged were, at least initially, dominant forces, and these 300 years are often referred to as the Hellenistic period. Alexander Alexandrovich Murski (Russian: Александр Александрович Мурский) (1 November 1869 – April 1943) was a Saint Petersburg, Russian-born German actor.Murski died in 1943 in Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France. Ancient commentators were divided about whether the ambitious Olympias promulgated the story of Alexander's divine parentage, variously claiming that she had told Alexander, or that she dismissed the suggestion as impious. [184], Alexander earned the epithet "the Great" due to his unparalleled success as a military commander. [144] Another theory is that his successors wilfully or erroneously misheard "tôi Kraterôi"—"to Craterus", the general leading his Macedonian troops home and newly entrusted with the regency of Macedonia. [138][139] Hephaestion's death devastated Alexander, and he ordered the preparation of an expensive funeral pyre in Babylon, as well as a decree for public mourning. Some of the first and most influential figurative portrayals of the Buddha appeared at this time, perhaps modelled on Greek statues of Apollo in the Greco-Buddhist style. Nevertheless, Hellenization occurred throughout the region, accompanied by a distinct and opposite 'Orientalization' of the successor states. [105] The Greeks regarded the gesture as the province of deities and believed that Alexander meant to deify himself by requiring it. A 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine attributed his death to typhoid fever complicated by bowel perforation and ascending paralysis. The correct answer is "He is alive and well and rules the world!" His eyes (one blue, one brown) revealed a dewy, feminine quality. [21][22][23] Among them were Artabazos II and his daughter Barsine, future mistress of Alexander, who resided at the Macedonian court from 352 to 342 BC, as well as Amminapes, future satrap of Alexander, or a Persian nobleman named Sisines. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. He found the Thessalian army occupying the pass between Mount Olympus and Mount Ossa, and ordered his men to ride over Mount Ossa. During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16. This ensured that Alexander would not be outflanked, while his phalanx, armed with long pikes, had a considerable advantage over the Persians' scimitars and javelins. STRONG Nation™ es un entrenamiento de alta intensidad revolucionario en el que cada movimiento está sincronizado con un compás para que te esfuerces más que nunca. Philip waged war against Byzantion, leaving Alexander in charge as regent and heir apparent. [65][66], Taking over the invasion project of Philip II, Alexander's army crossed the Hellespont in 334 BC with approximately 48,100 soldiers, 6,100 cavalry and a fleet of 120 ships with crews numbering 38,000,[59] drawn from Macedon and various Greek city-states, mercenaries, and feudally raised soldiers from Thrace, Paionia, and Illyria. [ensin referencies] Tuvo nomáu al Óscar en 1999 pola adautación de Election.Venció en 2005 nos Premiu Óscar y nos Globu d'Oru pol guión de Sideways.. El so nome completu de nacencia ye Constantine Alexander Payne y ye fíu d'emigrantes griegos.